This paper investigates whether poor employment prospects of potential insurgents help to fuel conflict. The paper … benefits are unobserved. In contrast, many other shocks in the conflict literature are persistent and unanticipated, thus also … estimates of the effect of harvest shocks on conflict intensity in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan using subnational variation …

series of conflict-related shocks. First, there are plausibly exogenous changes in violence that have limited impacts on … school attendance but do affect other dimensions of well-being. And second, consequences of conflict aside from living in … close proximity to violence can impact attendance. The importance of a wide variety of conflict shocks suggests that an …

and Eastern provinces that faced the brunt of the decades-long conflict remain disproportionately poor. To understand the …