The challenge of power sector reform in the Arab Republic of Egypt has long been dominated by extremely high subsidies … pressure in 2014 when energy subsidies reached 6.8 percent of gross domestic product. Since then, the reform process has been …

dominate the sector. Whereas the power market is partially competitive, improved operational efficiency and financial … ahead of other elements may limit the market effectiveness and even make subsequent reform steps more difficult …

Two successive waves of reform have fundamentally altered the structure and organization of Kenya's vibrant power …-beginning in 2002 and led by domestic reform champions-the thrust of first-wave reforms was continued, with the strengthening of … energy investment. The reforms have improved the operational efficiency of the sector, increased cost recovery, and captured …

substantial improvements in operational efficiency and accelerating service coverage. Although the reform model was eventually … benefits of reform from materializing until much later. The failed first attempt with the Bujagali Hydropower independent power …

Pakistan's power sector underwent a substantial, if protracted, reform process. Beginning with an independent power … levels, at high cost to the exchequer. This dynamic has undermined incentives for utilities to improve their efficiency …