"The paper evaluates the effects of privatization in the post-communist economies and China. In post … institutional development. In China relatively more estimates suggest that privatization to domestic owners improves the level of …-communist economies, but foreign joint ventures rather than wholly owned foreign firms have a positive effect in China. Worker or …

-border traders - many of whom are women - face harassment and corruption, which can undermine these potential gains. This paper … procedures, tariffs, and rights to small-scale traders to facilitate border crossings, lower corruption, and reduce gender …

Malaysia and China) and developing innovations as a result of research and development that are new to the market (in Vietnam …