This paper documents stylized facts on rates of returns to education during economic crises. It shows from three middle-income … countries - Indonesia, Pakistan, and South Africa - that the rate of return to university education (versus secondary education …

how it affects women's health, reproductive outcomes, children's health, and children's education. The analysis uses a …

Sub-Saharan Africa, protests and strikes suggest that pay is low, while simple comparisons to average national income per … other formal sector workers with comparable levels of education and experience. However, in all of those countries, teachers … fall as a percentage of income per capita. The study explores variation across types of teacher contracts, the association …

"In determining whether a country's higher education system should be expanded, it is important for policymakers first … to determine the extent to which high private returns to post-secondary education are an indication of the scarcity of … graduates instead of the high unobserved ability of students who choose to attend post-secondary education. To this end, the …