This paper uses Mongolia's Household Socio Economic Survey for 2016 to estimate the distributive impact of taxes and … (the child money program and the mortgage subsidy) do little redistribution-the latter is actually regressive-but represent … 35 percent of total expenditures in monetary and in-kind transfers is funded by corporate taxes and royalties-which are …

Can consumption taxes reduce inequality in developing countries? This paper combines household expenditure data from 31 … countries with theory to shed new light on the redistributive potential and optimal design of consumption taxes. It uses the … all countries. The informal sector thus makes consumption taxes progressive: households in the richest quintile face an …

analyzes the combined and individual incidence of direct and indirect taxes, transfers, and social spending and benchmarks … Turkey, driven by social spending on education and health, and complemented by direct taxes and transfer schemes that … countervail the inequality-increasing impact of indirect taxes. At the bottom of the income distribution, targeted transfers are …