the effects of COVID-19). This decline is partly due to demographics, but also a declining marginal product of private … capital and slowing growth rates of total factor productivity and human capital. Strong reforms are required for Malaysia to …, and total factor productivity. In the strong reform scenario, based on growth drivers achieving a target corresponding to …

enable migrant workers to exploit opportunities to work in economies where labor productivity is higher. The inflow of … experienced a large rise in expenditure to output and the share of services in gross domestic product, appreciation of the Balassa … gross domestic product, the effects were much more muted and their trade performance was much better …

skills and manufacturing global value chains are available for 19 subsectors was constructed. A fixed-effect gravity model …This analysis assesses the role of skills, human capital endowment, and migration as determinants of Sub-Saharan Africa …'s participation in manufacturing global value chains. Due to lack of reliable data on skilled labor, skilled and unskilled labor …

productivity dynamics using firm-level administrative data for South Africa. It is the first paper to benchmark employment and … productivity dynamics against various comparator countries for which similar analysis has been undertaken. The paper finds that … and exit is negligible. The static and dynamic productivity decompositions raise a concern that although productive …

Ethiopia's competitiveness and attractiveness as an investment destination by comparing domestic productivity and input costs … to a sample of manufacturing exporting countries. The paper documents that, in a comparison with Kenya, India or Vietnam …, the labor cost advantage of Ethiopian firms is more than offset by low productivity. However, Ethiopia appears competitive …

focus more on process innovation than product innovation. Differences across firms within all countries tend to present …-owned firms as the most innovative of the region. The evidence also suggests a positive impact of innovation on productivity …This paper describes and benchmarks innovation activities for a sample of countries in the South Asia region, as well …