What sorts of conditions make some countries more prone to corruption than the others? This is an important question … for understanding how corruption arises and how to combat it. The present paper attempts to answer this question by … exploring the link between the size of the country and corruption. Economic theory suggests advantages and disadvantages of …

-border traders - many of whom are women - face harassment and corruption, which can undermine these potential gains. This paper … procedures, tariffs, and rights to small-scale traders to facilitate border crossings, lower corruption, and reduce gender …-based violence along the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Rwanda border. The training reduces bribe payment by 5 percentage points …

Using firm-level data from more than 39,000 firms in 111 economies, this paper tests the hypothesis that corruption … between corruption and firm productivity when regulation is high and an insignificant relationship when it is low. These …

encounter requests for bribes. A simple model develops basic expectations of bribe exposure: those with higher opportunity costs … of formalizing and with a higher ability to pay (resources) are expected to face a higher bribe risk. Empirical results … find that informal businesses operating out of necessity are likelier to have a bribe demanded of them. Robustness checks …