. Despite very regressive gasoline subsidies benefitting the rich the most, the increase in gasoline prices is found to affect … program will be around 338 trillion rials, which accounts for 77 percent of the estimated total savings from the subsidies …

) subsidies and grants, (ii) tax incentives, and (iii) public procurement incentives. Because incentives run the risk of creating …

and sanitation subsidies globally has proved challenging due to utility-level data limitations and their often implicit … nature. This paper develops a methodology to estimate water supply and sanitation subsidies that is adaptable to data scarce …. The results suggest that the cost of subsidies associated with the operations, maintenance, and major repair and …

decisions highly contingent on firm characteristics and past performance, complicating the identification of the privatization … specification (including its random-growth variant). The paper further finds that the privatization effects are significantly larger …