, several important questions remain unaddressed. This paper proposes a new toolkit for value-added accounting of trade flows at …-including an assessment of the share of trade related to GVCs. The paper shows how different empirical issues require distinct …

Directive and forthcoming General Data Protection Regulation; international negotiation of trade disciplines, most recently in … flows are costly and can hurt exports, especially of data-processing and other data-based services; international trade … privacy regulation. The way forward is to design trade rules (as the CPTPP seeks to do) that reflect the bargain central to …

-in-differences and synthetic control methods, this paper examines the effects of this shift on trade flows. The analysis finds that trade … examines 35 products that are partially 3D printed and finds positive and significant effects on trade. The results counter … widespread views that 3D printing will shorten supply chains and reduce trade …