aggregate capital raising activity. The analysis of four distinct markets generates patterns consistent with credit supply …

, increasing concentration makes the banking system more fragile because of the cost of credit, diversification and the ease of …Theory suggests that the effect of banking market concentration on financial stability is mediated by several competing … concentration, increasing concentration improves banking system stability via profitability. At higher levels of concentration …

and summarizes the evolution in bank capital regulations, capitalization of banks, market discipline, and supervisory … power since the global financial crisis. It shows that regulatory capital increased, but some elements of capital … importance of defining bank regulatory capital narrowly, as the quality of capital matters in reducing bank risk. This is …

role of nontraditional delivery models, for example, branchless banking, and actors, for example, nonbank lending …

Emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) weathered the 2009 global recession relatively well. However, the … impact of the global recession varied across economies. EMDEs with stronger pre-crisis fundamentals - such as large foreign … remittances remained relatively stable. In contrast, EMDEs that were heavily dependent on short-term capital flows - such as …

Although emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) weathered the global recession a decade ago relatively well … 2009 global recession highlights once again the critical role of policy room in shielding economic activity during adverse …

-up in lending flows to the private sector, rendering the recovery credit-less. This paper uses data on output and credit to … study the relative roles of demand and supply drivers of credit growth during economic recoveries on a sample of advanced … and emerging countries between 1980 and 2014. Using a simple endowment economy model, the paper shows that credit …