norms from migrants to their country of origin: a one percent decrease in the fertility norm to which migrants are exposed … reduces home country fertility by about 0.3 percent for origin countries. "--World Bank web site …

"pull") factors, often due to shocks to the household, such as job loss, death, or bad crops. Migrants are often seen as … "strugglers" and their households of origin are just as poor as rural households with no migrants. Moreover, the study finds … conclusive evidence that women's employment in sectors dominated by migrants is strongly correlated with HIV/AIDS: 55 percent of …