Malaysia has been grappling with understanding how many foreign workers reside in the country and thus faces challenges … of their earnings to support family members back home. They are low-income earners, sensitive to remittance costs, and … foreign workers in Malaysia as of 2017-18. The estimated state and nationality distributions of foreign workers are consistent …

network effect is strong for countries in all income groups and provides an additional channel through which GDP fluctuations … propagate through trade linkages. It also shows that countries of all income groups become more synchronized with high income …