This paper examines changes in bank capital and capital regulations since the global financial crisis, in the Europe … of the definition of Tier 1 capital and reduction in risk-weights. Further analyses show that bank risk in Europe and …

This paper summarizes the latest update of the World Bank Bank Regulation and Supervision Survey. The paper explores … and summarizes the evolution in bank capital regulations, capitalization of banks, market discipline, and supervisory … crisis. Bank supervision became stricter and more complex compared with the pre-global financial crisis period. However …