Using administrative data for an exhaustive sample of formally registered firms, reveals that the engagement of Rwandan firms in global value chains (GVCs) is remarkably limited. The paper documents several patterns of firm-level exports and compares firm characteristics between exporters and...

"A variety of theories of skill formation suggest that investments in schooling and other dimensions of human capital will have lower returns if children do not have adequate levels of cognitive and social skills at an early age. This paper analyzes the impact of a randomized cash transfer...

"This paper analyzes changes in the allocation of child labor within the household in reaction to exogenous shocks created by a social program in Nicaragua. The paper shows that households that randomly received a conditional cash transfer compensated for some of the intra-household differences,...