latest findings on the estimated magnitudes of these impacts, and (iii) presents relevant modeling approaches along with best …

-down model with a bottom-up engineering model for the energy sector. The study uses meeting China's pledges under the Paris … are sensitive to the assumptions and existing or planned policies on energy technologies considered in the bottom-up model …

China, the United States, and India, decided on a more gradual phasing out extending beyond 2030. This paper estimates the … welfare loss of about 1.5 percent. Some of the major emitters, such as China and India, will experience minimal impacts to … production and trade suggests a significant loss to fossil fuel-based sectors, while clean energy sectors can experience …

product). In the basic access scenario, costs depend mostly on industrial demand, which takes a large share of total demand …