of the impact of conflict point to negative gross domestic product (GDP) growth of -12 percent on average over 2011 …-18, resulting in a GDP contraction to about one-third of the 2010 level. In post-conflict simulation scenarios, the growth drivers …This paper addresses three questions: 1) what would have been the growth and income trajectory of Syria in the absence …

A large literature documents the positive influence of a city's skill structure on its rate of economic growth. By … contrast, the effect of a city's age structure on its economic growth has been a hitherto largely neglected area of research … or seniors. The paper sets out the potential channels through which such differential growth may occur. Using data from a …