infrastructure spending and improving governance in parallel is six times more effective at enhancing transport system performance …This study explores the role of governance in improving infrastructure reliability. It estimates that increasing … infrastructure maintenance is as effective as 1.5 dollar of new investments in many OECD economies. Overall, the evidence in this …

's BOOST database. Two of these proxies rely on the World Bank's Private Participation in Infrastructure database to capture …The paper provides the first consistently estimated data set on infrastructure investments in low- and middle …-income countries. To do so, the authors identify three possible proxies for infrastructure investments: two are variants on gross fixed …

This review examines the literature on the welfare impacts of infrastructure disruptions. There is widespread evidence … that households suffer from the consequences of a lack of infrastructure reliability, and that being connected to the grid … is not sufficient to close the infrastructure gap. Disruptions and irregular service have adverse effects on household …

upgrading in transport infrastructure; and (iii) products that use time sensitive inputs and countries that are highly exposed … to the new infrastructure and integrated in global value chains have larger trade gains …This paper takes a first look at the trade effects of China's Belt and Road Initiative, also referred to as the New …

infrastructure improvements on Belt and Road Initiative and non-Belt and Road Initiative countries' trade flows, growth, and poverty …. The analysis captures the trade costs reductions as a result of infrastructure improvements. The findings indicate that … infrastructure investment and regional cooperation. The initiative has the potential to accelerate significantly the rate of economic …

variations from these projections which means that planning for resilient wastewater infrastructure requires more detailed …