. Employment and education are identified as the two most important causal channels through which electrification enables …Electrification has been shown to accelerate opportunities for women by moving them into more productive activities … freedom, and social participation. Using propensity score matching, the study finds that electrification enhances all measures …

, the determinants and dynamics of individuals' participation in off-farm employment activities have not received adequate … individual-level off-farm (wage and self) employment participation rates; analyzes the extent and drivers of entry into off …-farm employment and continued employment; and conducts the analysis by gender and rural/urban location. A significant share of the …

, and the concepts of housework and employment are taken as mutually exclusive. Second, given this duality between housework … and employment, women define "employment" based on a set of necessary characteristics that exclude many of their own …

' employment, accounting for the complexity of measuring rural women's labor force participation, as well as data on social … issues to consider when examining rural women's employment in socioeconomic surveys, as well as a survey research agenda to …

work. However, there are no major changes in consumption, assets or agricultural outcomes. Nonfarm employment in the …

econometric estimation techniques, this study finds that grid electrification has significant positive impacts on households …' income, expenditure, and educational outcomes. For example, the gain in total income due to electrification can be as much as … 30 percent and as low as 9 percent. Benefits go up steadily as household exposure to grid electrification (measured by …