This paper characterizes the trade-off between the income gains and the inequality costs of trade using survey data for … gains and the inequality costs of trade liberalization are quantified and the trade-offs between them are assessed using an … average income losses in nine countries. Across countries in the sample, the gains from trade are 1.9 percent of real …

paper introduces a trade shock to simulate the effects of trade liberalization. Trade expansion has often been blamed for … to a consumption tax-can mitigate possible adverse effects of trade liberalization and support labor formalization. The … effects of taxation are seen in the context of the trade-offs between growth, labor formality and equity. The analysis …

Recent work on China's accession to the World Trade Organizations pays little attention to the wave of reforms in China … preeminence of processing trade at the time of accession sharply reduced the impact of accession-related tariff reductions on …

a gravity model to predict bilateral trade flows based on the economic size, geographic distance, and other relevant … characteristics that should typically contribute to facilitated trade and identify specific sectors and markets for which Egypt seems … the export potential. It explores some of the important supply and demand side factors and assesses the role of trade …

This paper presents new high-frequency data on trade policy changes targeting medical and food products since the … beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting how countries used trade policy instruments in response to the health crisis on … a week-by-week basis. The data set reveals a rapid increase in trade policy activism in February and March 2020 in …

countries: the imposition of export restrictions and actions to facilitate imports. Weekly data on the use of trade policy … the use of trade policy instruments and attributes of pre-crisis public procurement regulation. Controlling for country … in the pre-crisis period. Membership in trade agreements encompassing public procurement disciplines is associated with …

. The methodology exploits the large reduction in trade barriers that was induced by three unilateral trade liberalization …, and (3) the extension of EU trade preferences for developed countries through its Everything-but-Arms program and the … Chinese imports has ambiguous effects on countries' ability to take advantage of trade liberalization as the impact on the …

As preferential trade agreements are growing in number and depth, assessment of their economic impacts has become more … important to inform policy-makers facing a multitude of potential preferential trade agreements. This paper provides novel ex … ante estimates of the impacts of two key preferential trade agreements currently negotiated by Indonesia, the largest …