stringent bank regulation and supervision consistent with regulatory arbitrage, but that they prefer to originate loans in …-border syndicated loan market. Lending provided through a foreign subsidiary is subject to subsidiary-country regulation and … institutional arrangements. Multinational banks' choices between loan origination through the parent bank or through a foreign …

Cross-border banking in emerging markets and developing economies has expanded across most World Bank regions and has … become large relative to some home and host economies. This paper analyzes recent trends of bank activities of financial …

This paper examines changes in bank capital and capital regulations since the global financial crisis, in the Europe … of the definition of Tier 1 capital and reduction in risk-weights. Further analyses show that bank risk in Europe and …