education on students' performance in math and Portuguese and analyze the role of the pre-service training framework in the … the treated on public upper secondary students through the combination of difference-in-difference and propensity score … quality of the training delivered by distance learning modalities and the low performance of the secondary students who enter …

learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have … decreased for schools and students that were lower performing at baseline. Finally, the study finds that incentivizing students …