of 150,165 equity and bond issuances around the world, matched with income and balance sheet data for 62,653 listed firms … in 65 countries over 1990-2016. Three main patterns emerge from the analyses. First, firms that choose to issue in … intangible capital and the number of employees. Growth accelerates as firms raise funds. Second, the faster growth is more …

This paper studies how crises prompted firms to switch borrowing across markets, impacting the amount borrowed … emerging economies, the paper shows that firms shifted their issuances between domestic and international syndicated loans and … corporate bonds during financial crises. Firms reduced their borrowing in shock-hit markets but increased it in other debt …

firms' solvency risks and exposure to changes in market conditions, such as the economic downturn triggered by the COVID-19 …