financial regulation. First, the paper proposes a broad index of regulatory quality for financial inclusion, emphasizing the …

stringent bank regulation and supervision consistent with regulatory arbitrage, but that they prefer to originate loans in …-border syndicated loan market. Lending provided through a foreign subsidiary is subject to subsidiary-country regulation and … institutional arrangements. Multinational banks' choices between loan origination through the parent bank or through a foreign …

economies, which may reduce bank balance sheet transparency and increase risks. Using Cox proportional hazards and Poisson …