This paper analyzes changes in agricultural productivity gender gaps in Cote d'Ivoire between 2008 and 2016 using …, but it is particularly remarkable for export crop productivity, likely due to increased adoption of fertilizer and …

This study constructs a microdata set of about 143,000 firms to estimate the monetary costs of infrastructure … substantial drag that unreliable infrastructure imposes on firms in developing countries. Yet, these figures are likely to be …

This review examines the literature on the role of infrastructure in determining the productivity and competitiveness …, water, and telecommunications systems increases firm-level productivity. It also shows that providing infrastructure per se … of firms. It shows that the existing evidence base is clear in concluding that reliable and high-quality infrastructure …

accompanying freely downloadable Excel-based tool. It also constructs a new Infrastructure Efficiency Index (IEI), by combining …

This is the background paper for the productivity extension of the World Bank's Long-Term Growth Model (LTGM). Based on … an extensive literature review, the paper identifies the main determinants of economic productivity as innovation …, education, market efficiency, infrastructure, and institutions. Based on underlying proxies, the paper constructs indexes …

capital and slowing growth rates of total factor productivity and human capital. Strong reforms are required for Malaysia to …, and total factor productivity. In the strong reform scenario, based on growth drivers achieving a target corresponding to …