income level that triggers mandatory tax filing. The proposed methodology is applied to the case of Colombia. …

Colombia has reduced extreme poverty in the past 16 years by almost half, moderate poverty by 22 percentage points, and … of the distributional impacts of taxes and expenditures in Colombia in 2017. It makes a methodological comparison with … results suggest that the combined effect of taxes and social spending in Colombia contributes to poverty reduction between 0 …

"Households in rural Colombia are confronted with a variety of violent threats: attacks and displacement threats by … appropriate political answer to chronic violence in Colombia as well as in other areas of chronic conflict. "--World Bank web site …