rate is associated with an increase in the incidence of physical violence against women by 0.50 percentage points, or 2 ….52 percentage points, or 2.87 percent. That an improvement in women's employment opportunities is associated with increased violence … which women have more limited access to divorce than men …

attendance on women's labor market outcomes, including their total annual wages, household income, and poverty status. The … effects of childcare attendance differ by women's characteristics and are particularly strong for younger, more educated women …

-in-difference-in-differences framework. With a longitudinal survey that tracks individuals for an average of 22 years, a panel of mothers was constructed to … 1,000 children increases the work participation of mothers of preschool age eligible children by 11-16 percent from the … of holding a second job. The availability of preschools induces mothers to informal sector occupations that do not …