With the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the European Union has established a legal framework for the protection of all aquatic ecological systems, including groundwater. This directive may have advantages for the water regime in ecologically sensitive areas but may also bring some economic...

The aim of the research was to analyze the level of profitability of pig farms characterized by different production systems: opened or closed. Analysis was made for all farms which produced 100 and more porkers per year and maintained accountancy within the Polish FADN in years 2004-2005. The...

In China and India, the increasing demand for agricultural commodities in the last decade resulted in a significant increase in demand for mineral fertilizers. The article analyzed the changes that have occurred in the market of mineral fertilizers in these countries. It describes the evolution...

Polish agri-food exports to Russia during the global economic crisis are analysed. The recession in Europe in 2009 and the debt crisis in the Eurozone were the key factors that had a negative influence on the international trade. The GDP decline in the European Union amounted to 4.2% and in...

One of the major problems in the ongoing trade negotiations within the WTO is trade in agricultural products. In the case of the European Union, due to the significant level of protectionism in agriculture, an adoption of the WTO liberalization commitments in this area will mean a reform of the...

Price linkages between the Polish and foreign markets of grains and pork were investigated in the paper. The analysis indicates a decrease in price differences between the Polish and the EU markets and their increase between the Polish and the US markets. Causality tests and VAR models indicate...

The aim of paper was to show the challenges which arise in the EU market for Polish exporters of agricultural and food products. Results of survey executed among 30 exporters from Warmińsko-Mazurskie region are presented. The EU market is very important for Polish exporters which is confirmed...

The paper deals with the problem of export refunds in the EU agricultural trade. While examining Polish exports of beef and veal, an answer to the question is sought, if the exports refunds are necessary. The answer is positive, despite the fact that most probably the export subsidies in the EU...

The aim of the article was to present the premises and evolution of protectionism in agricultural trade and to show the changes in significance of tariff and non-tariff barriers of intervention for the trade in agricultural products. The abolition of customs duties entails an increase in the...

Pig market is the leading meat market in the world in terms of supply and demand and it has also a high share in foreign trade. In the coming years, the importance of the industry to the world economy will grow, due to the development of production in developing countries and increased demand...