The education institutions present a complicated economic and social ecosystem with many processes that are constantly under pressure from many stakeholders. Learning organizations are trying to find ways to improve them, but they crash at "unmistakable claims" about the need to build extensive...

In the work research published in USA in the 1970s, the universities were regarded as organisations qualified as "organised anarchies" or "loosely coupled systems" which were considered host to "unclear technologies". This paper confronts these concepts with the recent evolution of the piloting...