This paper attempts to clarify the reasons for the rapid growth of FDI in developing countries, particularly East Asian countries, compared with that of FDI in developed countries. To do this, we will examine the mechanics of HFDI and VFDI with a view toward shedding light on the role of trade...

Both the outward direct investment (ODI) from emerging market economies and industrial upgrading are new topics in economic research. Most research on these two topics has been done separately so far. Chinas emergence as a major ODI nation and urgent requirement for domestic industrial upgrading...

We examine how the structure of multinational enterprises; (MNEs) activity affects technology spillovers between MNEs and their host economies by using firm-level data of Japanese MNEs and patent citations data. We construct new measures of foreign direct investment (FDI) by exploiting...

This paper develops a micro-simulation framework for multinational entry and sales activities across countries. The model is based on Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarzs (2010) quantitative trade model adapted towards multinational production. Using micro data on Japanese manufacturing firms, we...

The upsurge of the outward direct investment (ODI) made by the Chinese firms in recent years is one of the main concerns among academic researchers and policy consultants targeting emerging market economies. In this paper, the focus for analysis is the internationalization and ODI initiated by...