This paper empirically examines the effects of knowledge capital on offshore outsourcing choices based on original survey data of Japanese firms. The results of a multinomial logit model demonstrate that firms' offshoring is positively correlated with knowledge capital measured by their R&D...

The spatial structure of transport networks is subject to increasing returns in transportation, distance, and density economies. Transport costs between locations are thus, in general, endogenous, and are determined by the interaction between the spatial distribution of transport demand and...