foreign direct investment (FDI) by exploiting information on sales and purchases of foreign affiliates of MNEs. Pure … horizontal (vertical) FDI is defined as FDI with a high share of transactions (i.e., both purchases of inputs and sales of … outputs) in the local market (with the home country). Partially horizontal and vertical FDI are also defined. We then estimate …

model is based on Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarzs (2010) quantitative trade model adapted towards multinational production … of FDI barriers than was conditioned upon in our estimation sample. Overall, we demonstrate the richness of the … simulation framework as a quantitative tool for FDI policy analysis. …

by the US was featured with efficiency priority, while that of Japan does so with structural adjustment priority. The …

Recent heterogeneous-firm models of international trade suggest that productivity determines whether firms engage in … that incorporates the uncertainty of foreign markets into the trade theory with firm heterogeneity. …