areas, with potentially significant impacts on individuals' lives. Achieving transparency and accountability has been … risk and the accountability problems they entail for data subjects. The present paper addresses this variation and presents … conceptualize accountability challenges from the point of view of data subjects with the purpose to systematize instruments for …

been missing. In its absence, measuring the impact of transparency on accountability and corruption for a large number of … considered alongside de jure (legal) transparency if we are to judge the impact (or lack of) transparency against accountability …Despite the salience of transparency in policy and democracy debates a global measurement of transparency has always …