To meet Turkey’s growing energy demand, the installed electric power capacity of 27.8 GW in 2001 has to be doubled by 2010 and increased fourfold by 2020. The difference between Turkey’s total primary energy supply (TPES) of from its own sources and total final consumption (TFC) is projected...

The tilt angle influences the amount of energy collected by a photovoltaic module. However, representations of these effects on the energy yield and the performance of the PV system are commonly based on the theoretical calculations, whereas there is a lack of experimental investigations. To...

Air quality of Kathmandu Valley, the capital of Nepal, was one of the worse among the big cites in the world. The air quality situation was becoming more critical due to the substantial increase in the conventional fueled vehicles in the valley each year. The bowl-like topography and generally...

The government of Mexico is mandating increased use of gasoline–ethanol blends as a method for reducing air pollution. However, tests on light-duty vehicles have revealed mixed results in terms of fuel economy and emissions. In addition, little information on the performance of light-duty...

Measurements of different components of solar radiation were carried out in Helwan, Cairo, Egypt. Helwan (Lat. 29° 52′ N, Long. 31° 20′ E) is considered the largest polluted region in the world and, the sources of pollution are cement, engineering, iron and steel factories. The data...

The paper contains examples on the distribution of the color percentage or the color portion during very clear days and others polluted days for each season from sunrise (SR) to sunset (SS) and the difference between them. Some important parameters such as the clearness index (KT), diffuse...

Countries around the world meet their electrical energy demand by utilizing fossil fuel based, nuclear or renewable energy sources. In contrary to fossil fuel based and nuclear energy sources which have negative environmental impacts and which increase energy import dependency, renewable energy...

This paper proposes a computational-statistics based approach for solar radiation reconstruction at sub-hourly intervals. A dimensionless form of stochastic variable, V, which is defined as the difference between the theoretical global solar radiation in clear-sky conditions and the actual solar...

Access to a reliable source of electricity is a basic need for any community as it can improve the living standards characterized via the improvement of healthcare, education, and the local economy at large. There are two key factors to consider when assessing the appropriateness of a micro-grid...

Amongst academics and practitioners working in the fields of urban planning and design, there has been an on-going discussion regarding the relationships between urban morphology and environmental sustainability. A main focus of analysis has been to investigate whether the form of cities and...