Improper operating temperature will degrade the performances of electronic components, Li-ion batteries and photovoltaic (PV) cells, which calls for a good thermal management system. In this paper, specific attention is paid to the thermal management systems based on the phase change materials...

Benefited from the fruitful results of general light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, the LED is utilized in the automotive forward lighting recently, the LED headlamp, due to its ability of improving the efficiency, durability and comfort of the automobile. Both the rough operating environments...