While space conditioning load contributes largely in grid critical peak, shifting a part or full to the off-peak period could have significant economic effects on both energy supply and demand sides. This shifting technique is accomplished by storing energy during off-peak periods to be utilized...

The advanced buildings of tomorrow will need to take advantage of renewable, ambient and waste energy to approach ultra-low energy buildings. Such buildings will need to consider Thermal Energy Storage (TES) techniques customized for smaller loads.

Application of seasonal thermal energy storage with heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings has received much consideration in recent decades, as it can help to cover gaps between energy availability and demand, e.g. from summer to winter. This has the potential to reduce the large...