Wave energy is arguably one of the most promising renewables. Less developed at present than other renewables, the existing models to estimate the costs of a wave energy project are often oversimplified, and the resulting scatter in the economic assessments weighs on the confidence of potential...

Renewable sources of energy are more favorable these days because these are environment friendly with zero emissions as compared to conventional energy sources. Wind energy is most rapidly growing, among several renewable energy sources, worldwide. The prime objective of this paper is to analyze...

Energy flow from the primary energy to the final energy use varies depending on which device is used for the heating and cooling energy service. This paper presents economic analyses of medium capacity space heating and cooling systems from three perspectives – primary energy, final consumer,...

The growing demand for electrical power and the limited capital invested to provide this power is forcing countries like Brazil to search for new alternatives for electrical power generation. The purpose of this paper is to present a technical and economic study on a 15kW solar plant installed...

Institutional buildings contain different types of functional spaces which require different types of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. In addition, institutional buildings should be designed to maintain an optimal indoor comfort condition with minimal energy consumption...

Fuel cells are electrochemical energy conversion devices that convert fuel and oxidant electrochemically into electrical energy, water and heat. Compared to traditional electricity generation technologies that use combustion processes to convert fuel into heat, and then into mechanical energy,...

The integration of grid-connected PV systems into buildings or public areas is one of the most usual applications of the photovoltaic solar energy in developed countries and it is being highly promoted by several European governments. In this paper it has been evaluated the photovoltaic...

There is an acute scarcity of potable water in many parts of the world, and especially in the Middle East region. Most of developing countries around the world endeavor to make a balance between declining fresh water supplies and the rapid demands of a rising population. Economic analysis is an...