Bio-oil is a brown liquid product from biomass fast pyrolysis. The upgrading of bio-oil has been a hotspot due to its contribution to the application of bio-oil. The properties of bio-oil, research progress, advantages and disadvantages of upgrading techniques of bio-oil from biomass fast...

Bio-oil is the liquid product of the fast pyrolysis of biomass. Recently, bio-oil has gained increasing attention for its direct use in combustion within boilers and furnaces as well as its use in automobiles and chemical materials after refining. Unfortunately, the composition of bio-oil is...

This review will be concentrated on the application of bio-oil produced from the cellulosic biomass among the various liquid biofuels to transport fuels, heat and power generation as substitute. Main application of bio-oil and biocrude from two main thermochemical processes, i.e., pyrolysis and...

Fast pyrolysis of biomass is becoming increasingly important in some member countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Six countries have joined the IEA Task 34 of the Bioenergy Activity: Canada, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, and USA. The National Task Leaders give an overview of...

In the present study, the potential of biomass-to-bio-oil conversion as an intermediate process step to increase product energy density and subsequently decrease transport-related costs is examined. The scheme under investigation consists of two steps; (1) decentralized bio-oil production from...

Algae is a very promising source for renewable energy production since it can fix the greenhouse gas (CO2) by photosynthesis and does not compete with the production of food. Compared to microalgae, researches on biofuel production from macroalgae in both academia and industry are at infancy for...

Upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil from biomass suggests great environmental and economical advantages for the production of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, there are considerable challenges in the development of techno-economically feasible processes and catalysts. One promising...

Pyrolysis is one of the potential routes to harness energy and useful chemicals from biomass. The major objective of biomass pyrolysis is to produce liquid fuel, which is easier to transport, store and can be an alternative to energy source. The yield and composition of pyrolysis oil depend upon...

Biomass can be utilized to produce bio-oil, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in the conversion of biomass to bio-oil: flash pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. The cost of bio-oil production from biomass is relatively...

Increase in energy demand and growing environmental awareness has increased interest for alternative renewable energy sources over the last few years. Hydrogen produces only water during combustion, and therefore, it is seen as an alternative fuel for locomotive application. Nonetheless,...