Efficient use of energy resources in crop production is an important goal in sustainable agriculture. This study compares the energy flow in farming systems across farm size with their corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions - presented in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq.) - in...

Among the different forms of clean energies, solar energy has attracted a lot of attention because it is not only sustainable, but also is renewable and this means that we will never run out of it but the potential of using this form of renewable energy depends on its accessibility. Due to the...

Finding energy sources to satisfy the world's growing demand is one of society's foremost challenges for the next half-century. The challenge in converting sunlight to electricity via photovoltaic solar cells is dramatically reducing $/watt of delivered solar electricity. In this context the sun...

In this study data from 17 years (1990-2006) were collected to determine energy intensive areas and evaluate energy parameters of Iran's agronomy sector. All the direct and indirect inputs of energy for the production of 19 agricultural commodities were evaluated. The inputs and outputs were...

Fossil fuel resources are severely limited and their combustion is a major source of environmental pollution. As a result, scientists avidly seek alternatives to fossil fuels, and biomass can be a viable alternative source of energy. Anaerobic digestion is one of way of converting biomass to...

In recent years, growing attention has been given to exergy analysis of drying processes and systems and optimization of drying processes using exergy concept. This research interest is motivated by increasing the price of energies, environmental concerns, world population, decreasing fossil...

The greenhouse areas in Iran have expanded rapidly and the greenhouse holders have shown a great tendency to cultivation of those crops that used to be cultivated in open fields. Although, greenhouses are intensive in terms of yield and whole year production, they are considered being one of the...

The objective of this study is to determine energy balance between inputs and output for tangerine production in Mazandaran province, one of the most important citrus production centers in Iran. Data is collected by administering a questionnaire in face-to-face interviews. The results show that...