This paper investigates the unit root properties of electricity consumption per capita of 67 developed and developing countries for the period 1971–2010. To examine the stationary properties of electricity consumption per capita, we have adopted Lee and Strazicich (2003, 2004) test of unit...

This study examines the linkages among economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness and CO2 emissions over the period of 1975Q1–2011Q4 in case of Indonesia. The stationary analysis is performed by using Zivot–Andrews unit root test and the ARDL bounds testing...

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between coal consumption, economic growth, trade openness and CO2 emissions in case of India. In doing so, Narayan and Popp, Journal of Applied Statistics 2010; 37:1425–1438, structural break unit test is applied to test the order of integration of...

We investigated Granger-causality between variants of the energy consumption sources and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the United State of America (USA). To accomplish this objective we utilized a recent approach of asymmetric Granger-causality developed by Hatemi-J for the period January...