The use of biomass resources for cooking and heating is as old as the origin of human civilization due to the fact that biomass is available almost everywhere and can be burnt directly. Biomass accounts for a large fraction of the domestic energy needs in the developing countries. However, very...

Lignocelluloses are often a major or sometimes the sole components in different waste streams from various sources such as industries, forestry, agriculture and municipalities. It represents an as-of-yet untapped source of fermentable sugars for significant industrial use. Many physico-chemical,...

Reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions throughout the building lifecycle and climate vulnerability have recently become important environmental concerns in the development of low income housing. To address these concerns, several sustainability assessment tools have been developed to...

Dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) is an attractive method for the stabilization of solid organic waste with high solid concentration (22–40%). This article provides different aspects for bio-energy production through dry anaerobic digestion suggested by different researchers. Basic fundamental...

Renewable energy for power generation is gaining attention around the world, and for Pakistan, these resources can fulfill the present and future energy demands of the country. Though the potential of renewable energy resources has been assessed in earlier studies, their assessment did not...

Photovoltaic (PV) hybrid systems can make a positive contribution to the sustainability of rural communities in developing countries that do not have access to electricity grid. Integration of solar photovoltaic system with diesel generator for remote and rural areas would assist in expanding...

Solar food dryers are available in a range of size and design and are used for drying various food products. Testing a dryer is necessary to evaluate its absolute and comparative performance with other dryers and the test results provide relevant information for the designer as well as the user....

In recent years, increasing efficiency in organic solar cells is due to the bulk heterojunction concept. Hybrid solar cell (HSC) based bulk heterojunction is flourishing in the field of solar cell. This device is the combination of inorganic and organic materials. The efficacy of the power...

This study presents an assessment of the energy security of Thailand using nineteen indicators. The assessment period is for a 45 year period (1986–2030), and used published data for 1986–2009, and applying three energy scenarios for the period 2010–2030. The three scenarios considered...

Since the turn of this century, development of biofuels have progressed rapidly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand—the major biofuels producing countries in the ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations). The article analyses the biofuel polices, underlying drivers, and way...