Renewable energy offers a range of options with which to meet the growing demand for energy, particularly in the context of the pursuit (especially in developing countries) of economic development which takes into account social and environmental issues. Brazil has abundant natural sources of...

Many countries including Nepal utilize qualitative parameters and/or judgment in order to appraise stand-alone off-grid project sites. This paper reviews on-going efforts for electrification in rural Nepal, and quantitative parameters available to support this planning process of remote...

Significant progress has been done in the last decades to characterise and define uncertainty in model based planning and decision making in general and in areas like integrated assessment or water resource management. However, existing uncertainty typologies are only partially shared. In city...

Water plays a vital role in various economic sectors, including energy production. It is required in various stages of the energy production chain including fuel acquisition, processing and transportation. However, there are growing concerns about the mounting demand for water arising from...

With the lowest access to electricity in the world, the country of Liberia, West Africa, has efforts underway for electrification through a fossil based centralized scheme around its capital city and possible connections to the larger Western Africa Power Pool network. These plans leave a large...

The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the energy planning (EP) activities being conducted in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Of particular interest is the establishment of an understanding of current practices. A matrix of evaluation of literature was...

Although the integrated energy and environmental planning processes of cities and territories with more than 50,000 inhabitants differ, previous studies suggest that long-term, model-based energy planning processes have a common scheme that can also be used as a framework for reviewing the...

Since the 1970s, demands arising from the impacts of the power sector on the natural environment were added to studies regarding the strategic power sector and its impact on the economic and financial crises. Thus, the development of alternative technologies reflected the new institutional...

China has pledged to reduce its CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 40–45% by 2020 as of 2005 level. This research examines China's 2020 carbon intensity target and its interdependence with the overarching national economic and social development goals. The results show that, with annual GDP...

In 2009, an estimated 585 million people had no access to electricity services in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike many other regions of the world, under current assumptions, that figure is expected to rise significantly to about 652 million by 2030-an unsustainable and unacceptable situation. Knowing...