There are numbers of alternative energy resources being studied for hybrid vehicles as preparation to replace the exhausted supply of petroleum worldwide. The use of fossil fuel in the vehicles is a rising concern due to its harmful environmental effects. Among other sources battery, fuel cell...

Cities use a big amount of energy resources and account for over 70% of global carbon emissions. Form and position of urban blocks not only influence the micro-climate but also the energy performance of each block; so, considering the building without studying the effect of its surroundings is...

There is a rising interest in heating and cooling systems based on renewable energy sources. Air heating or cooling with earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHE) is one approach for reducing ventilation heat losses and improving thermal comfort in buildings. A literature research was performed in...

A temperature and humidity independent control (THIC) system is a way to regulate indoor temperature and humidity separately through different approaches. Because of this distinction, THIC air-conditioning systems can satisfy the adjustment requirements of indoor temperature and humidity better...

In the European Union, the building sector is one of the largest energy consumer with about 40% of the final energy consumption. Reducing consumption is also a sociological, technological and scientific matter. New methods have to be devised in order to support building professionals in their...

The building industry nowadays is facing two major challenges – the increased concern for energy reduction and the growing need for comfort improvements. These challenges have led many researchers to develop a personalized conditioning system. Personalized conditioning aims to create a...

Among all public buildings, on account of their educational purpose, school buildings have a major social responsibility. Therefore energy performance in this type of building is of great importance.

Energy conservation in building arena is essential issue for achieving sustainable environment. However, buildings experienced significant amount of heat gain or loss through window and this will affect the thermal comfort of buildings׳ occupants. Building without window is able to save energy,...