This paper proposes a non-radial Malmquist CO2 emission performance index (NMCPI) for measuring dynamic changes in total-factor CO2 emission performance over time. This index enables the consideration of non-radial slacks in the conventional Malmquist CO2 emission index (MCPI). The NMCPI is...

This study proposes a policy evaluation model from the perspective of government and investors. The proposed model, which integrates American option method and two-factor learning curve method, can be used to evaluate the unit decision value and save-path rate for renewable energy development...