A common feature of major trends in securities and derivative markets is that they facilitate cross-border competition between financial institutions and markets. These trends include financial deregulation, technological developments that increase network externalities and the introduction of...

This study utilises payment system data to analyse market participants’ liquidity usage and to trace interest rates paid on overnight loans. Our aim is to examine how liquidity usage has changed during the years 2006–2/2011 and to combine this information with data on overnight lending rates...

The present European large-value payment systems are on the verge of notable changes. Since they comprise the backbone or basic infrastructure of the whole economy, it is important that the changes are monitored and carried out in a very prudent manner. This paper attempts to analyse this change...

The consequences of electronic trading, payment and settlement have recently become one of the main topics in monetary economics. New innovations in payment and settlement technology are challenging the central bank’s monopoly over the supply of base money, which is generally considered the...

In this study, the interaction between the competition-cooperation nexus and regulation in retail payment systems is analysed by applying the main lessons from the theory of network industries. This is justifiable on the grounds that the payment systems industry inherently has many...

This paper presents a model depicting cross-border payment systems as a mixed oligopoly. A private net settlement system that maximises profit competes with the central banks’ gross settlement system that maximises welfare. It may be optimal for the central bank system to encourage increased...