property within the framework and policy space allowed by the international law. This paper examines the patent-related claims …

Article 12 (1) of the Constitution. In the circumstance, the patent protection for microorganisms was narrowed down to … determination by making the necessary statutory provisions and policy changes to facilitate the patent applications on transgenic …

to provide latitude to the Member States to tailor their national patent laws to fit their individual needs. In 2001, the … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique … compulsory licensing, the most notable exception to patent rights provided under the TRIPS Agreement. This empirical study is …

Agreement) of an exception allowing for the manufacture and export of patent-protected products. It concludes that such an …

into the national patent law the concept of humanitarian compulsory licensing. …