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without the patent owner's authorization by issuing a compulsory license (CL). In the pharmaceuticals space, governments have … historically employed compulsory licenses to compel originator manufacturers to license their patents to generic manufacturers … refrain from issuing compulsory licenses. A survey of members' domestic compulsory license legislation finds that virtually …
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the COVID-19 pandemic that are manufactured under a compulsory license or government use authorization to other developing …
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) linked intellectual property protection with trade. The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), however, included a number of public health flexibilities in order to provide latitude to the Member States to...
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This paper provides an analysis of patents covering selected antibodies and vaccines used in the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. The aim of the report is to support national patent offices and interested parties in developing countries with information that can serve as guidance for the...
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The major bone of contention between the developed and developing countries in the TRIPS negotiations was patents for pharmaceuticals. The US-led developed countries bloc argued in favour of patents for pharmaceuticals amidst opposition from Brazil, India and other countries. Ample evidence,...
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