double the roundtrip markups to investors compared to peripheral dealers. In turn, central dealers provide immediacy by …

largest capital market for state and municipal issuers. Prior research has documented tax, credit, liquidity, and segmentation … effects in municipal bonds. Recent regulatory initiatives to improve transparency have made granular trade data available to …

Traditional liquidity measures can provide a false impression of the liquidity and stability of financial market … show that a standard measure of liquidity, the effective bid-ask spread, dramatically underestimates the true cost of … immediacy because it does not account for failed attempts to trade. The true cost of immediacy is substantially higher than the …

-term investors are sensitive to interest rate movements and supply liquidity, whereas mutual funds, with shorter investment horizon … and benchmark constraints, demand liquidity. Price impact increased post-crisis for all institutions and has remained … higher than the pre-crisis levels, signaling a general decline in bond market liquidity due perhaps to regulatory changes in …

The paper studies the effect of growing mutual fund and ETF ownership on the commonality in liquidity of underlying … bonds. Unpredictable liquidity needs of funds may give rise to correlated trading across underlying illiquid bonds. I … document that there is a positive and significant relationship between ETF ownership and liquidity commonality of investment …