Choosing an appropriate benchmark is not unproblematic for academics or practitioners. Index construction methodologies vary from index to index as tradeoffs are made between the breadth of market coverage and the investability of the securities in the index. This paper examines the nuances...

The aim of this study is to examine whether securitized real estate returns reflect direct real estate returns or general stock market returns using international data for the U.S., U.K., and Australia. In contrast to previous research, which has generally relied on overall real estate market...

We test relative illiquidity, exemplified through a temporary lock-up, as a partial explanation for the gap between theoretical and empirical weights for real estate in a multi-asset portfolio. Since asset correlations are known to increase in bear markets, reducing their diversification...

This paper provides a contribution to the discussion on appraised values vs. transaction prices by comparing the driving factors of appraisal-based capitalization rates with those of transaction-based capitalization rates. Using a rich database of real estate transactions in Switzerland for the...

This research contributes to a better assessment of risk factors impacting non-listed real estate fund returns. Both macroeconomic and fund-specific factors are considered, additionally taking into account the phase of the real estate cycle. Using a rich database of fund-level data for Europe,...

This paper reviews methods that can be used to value illiquid investments, with a particular focus on private equity and real estate. We discuss the traditional valuation methods, in particular the net present value (NPV) rule, and show in what circumstances these can lead to suboptimal...

Using simulation analysis and property-level data for the U.S., we compare performance metrics for portfolios containing varying proportions of gateway and non-gateway markets. Risk-adjusted performance is found to be similar across types of markets. Gateway markets have higher appreciation and...

This paper is the first to examine the relationship between the performance of public real estate companies (PRECs) and the industrial sector of their tenants. By investigating the performance of a large sample of European real estate firms from 2010 to 2019 and information pertaining to the...

The article analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices. We start by highlighting caveats to bear in mind when referring to direct real estate indices. We then analyze the behavior of commercial real estate prices during the pandemic, emphasizing differences...

This research starts from the observation that common desmoothing models are likely to generate some extreme returns. Such returns will distort risk measurement and hence can lead to investment decisions that are suboptimal relative to those that would be made if a transaction based index were...