Conventional econometric analysis using VEC suggests that there is a long-term relationship between nominal world GDP … and nominal world exports. The analysis cannot say anything about the causal relationships between the levels of GDP and … short-term adjustments, GDP plays the first fiddle. Short-term GDP changes have driven short-term changes in world exports …

and country growth rates. The majority of the world’s R&D is concentrated in a handful of countries however, meaning that …

In this paper, unit values and unit value ratios in bilateral manufacturing trade across all countries in the world are …