Air transport is a sector with particularly dynamic emissions growth. The European Union has led the way in climate protection and included aviation in the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in 2012. To support the international process for a global market-based measure to limit...

The main objective of this project was to strengthen the use and cooperation of type-I ecolabels worldwide. As markets are becoming increasingly international and products are no longer developed for national markets, the cooperation and joint efforts of ecolabels in developing common...

Achieving the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires efforts for rapidly reducing GHG emissions while also increasing CO2 removals by sinks. G20 countries have a crucial role to play in increasing climate policy ambition. Land use change contributes 15 % of current global...

Achieving the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires closing the ambition and action gap. G20 countries have a crucial role to play in realising increased climate policy ambition. Synthetic electro fuels (e-fuels) were identified as one of the key policy areas and promising options...

A broad range of mitigation options have been identified and assessed in the literature that enable countries to close the existing gap between 2030 emission projections resulting from the aggregate efforts of countries to achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement...

The overall aim of the project is to create a sound data base for describing and assessing the phenomenon of obsolescence, and trends on lifespan and use times, and based on this, to develop strategies against obsolescence. The results show that there are various reasons for replacing electrical...

This report is provided in the scope of the project “Advancing REACH”, funded by the research plan of the German Ministry of the Environment. The project aims to develop options to improve the (implementation of) the REACH regulation by analysing various REACH processes and related issues,...

This report assesses options for the effective implementation of sustainable development impact assessment, in the context of climate change mitigation mechanisms such as those of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Existing carbon crediting programmes were analysed to draw insights on the best...

Colombia faces a number of challenges including growing electricity demand, increasing hydroelectric uncertainty as a result of changes in the el Niño weather phenomenon, and a growing need for social housing in metropolitan areas driven by accelerating urbanisation. At the same time, Colombia...

This report analyses the influence of the Cap and Trade (CaT) system and the electricity market in California along two main questions: How do CaT design features affect the environmental effectiveness of the system and the quality of the carbon price signal? How do electricity market design...